exam

Тест: Новый тест циско jkgvkgv Тестирование было начато 9 января 2019 в 11:56:33 Продолжительность тестирования 4 с Задано 2 вопроса из 125 запланированных, 1 вопрос пропущен. Правильных ответов дано 1 (1 %) 1 балл из 100
Вопрос № 1 Which of the following is not a characteristic of link-state routing protocols? Выбран правильный ответ: They broadcast every 30 minutes.
Вопрос № 2 Describe the five types of EIGRP packets. Вопрос был пропущен Правильный ответ: EIGRP uses the following five types of packets: Hello: Hello packets are used for neighbor discovery. They are sent as multicasts and do not require an acknowledgment. (They carry an acknowledgment number of 0.) Update: Update packets contain route change information. An update is sent to communicate the routes a particular router has used to converge. An update is sent only to affected routers. Update packets are sent as multicasts when a new route is discovered and when convergence is completed (in other words, when a route becomes passive). To synchronize topology tables, update packets are sent as unicasts to neighbors during their EIGRP startup sequence. Update packets are sent reliably. Query: When a router is performing route computation and does not find an FS, it sends a query packet to its neighbors asking whether they have a successor to the destination. Queries are normally multicast, but can be retransmitted as unicast packets in certain cases. They are sent reliably. Reply: A reply packet is sent in response to a query packet. Replies are unicast to the originator of the query and are sent reliably. A router must reply to all queries. Acknowledge (ack): The ack is used to acknowledge updates, queries, and replies. Ack packets are unicast hello packets and contain a nonzero acknowledgment number. (Note that hello and ack packets do not require acknowledgment.)
Вопрос № 3 Which IPv4 address is used to send an updated LSA entry to OSPF DRs and BDRs? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ:
Multicast 224.0.0.6
Вопрос № 4 Which verification command shows you advertised distance of received EIGRP IPv6 routes? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: show ipv6 eigrp topology
Вопрос № 5 When a route map is used for PBR, which of the following are true statements? (Choose three.) Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - If the statement is marked as permit and the packet meets all the match criteria, the set commands are applied. - If the statement is marked as deny, a packet meeting the match criteria is sent through the normal forwarding channels. - If no match is found in the route map, the packet is not dropped.
Вопрос № 6 Refer to the topology in Figure 4-21. Which prefix list configured on R3 would allow R1 to know about networks 172.16.10.0/24 and 172.16.11.0/24?
Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: ip prefix-list TEST permit 172.0.0.0/8 ge 16 le 24
Вопрос № 7 What are two benefits of using named EIGRP configuration? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы:
- Gathering all EIGRP configuration in once place - UnifyingIPv4 andIPv6 configuration commands
Вопрос № 8 Route summarization reduces the flooding of which two of the following LSA types? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Summary - External
Вопрос № 9 Match each routing protocol characteristic to its description. Вопрос не был задан Правильное соответствие: link-state protocols Each router determines the best path on its own scalability Describes the ability to support network growth EGP Operates between autonomous systems convergence time Describes the time that is needed for routing protocol to respond to change distance-vector protocols Exchanges only the best route with neighbors IGP Operates within an autonomous system
Вопрос № 10 Which command configures a router to obtain its address via stateful DHCPv6? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: (config-if)# ipv6 address dhcp
Вопрос № 11 To which packets on an interface is PBR applied? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: PBR is applied to incoming packets on an interface
Вопрос № 12 Which of the following statements are true? (Choose three.) Вопрос не был задан
Правильные ответы: - Passive is the operational state for a route. - A route is active when it is undergoing recomputation. - A route is considered passive when the router is not performing recomputation on that route.
Вопрос № 13 Correctly identify what the following router configuration commands do. R1(config)# route-map TEST deny 10 R1(config-route-map)# match tag 80 R1(config-route-map)# route-map TEST permit 20 R1(config-route-map)# router ospf 1 R1(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 10 route-map TEST Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Routes with a tag of 80 are denied from being redistributed from EIGRP into OSPF.
Вопрос № 14 What two methods can be used to filter routes? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Distribute lists with prefix lists - Route maps
Вопрос № 15 Which two are IPv6-specific extensions of MP-BGP? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - IPv6 NLRI - Next-hop attribute in IPv6 format
Вопрос № 16 Which three are appropriate reasons to apply AS-path filters? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Select a subset of all received routes based on their originating autonomous system - Ensure that only locally originated routes are announced
- Limit route updates from a neighbor to specific routes originated in the autonomous system
Вопрос № 17 Which two are advantages of exchanging IPv4 and IPv6 routes over a single IPv4 session? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Fewer sessions - Potentially simpler configuration
Вопрос № 18 Link-state routing protocols use a two-layer area hierarchy composed of which two areas? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Backbone area - Regular area
Вопрос № 19 IPv6 supports which three address types? (Choose three.) Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Multicast - Anycast - Unicast
Вопрос № 20 You have created an IPv6 ACL called mylist. Which command would you configure to use this ACL to check inbound packets on an interface? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: ipv6 traffic-filter mylist in
Вопрос № 21 What are two drawbacks of static routes? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - . Reconfiguring to reflect topology changes - . Absence of dynamic route discovery
Вопрос № 22 . How often are EIGRP hello packets sent on LAN links? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: EIGRP hello packets are sent every 5 seconds on LAN links.
Вопрос № 23 In IPv6, what keyword must be used with the redistribute command for connected interfaces to be advertised to a target routing protocol? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: include-connected
Вопрос № 24 Which type of Internet connectivity provides the most redundancy? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Dual multihomed
Вопрос № 25 A GRE tunnel connecting two remote locations over the Internet supports encapsulation of dynamic routing protocols. Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: True
Вопрос № 26 What type of addresses are needed for inbound Internet connectivity so that clients external to an enterprise network can access resources in the enterprise network? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Both private and public
Вопрос № 27 Which three of the following packets cannot be CEF switched and must be processed in software? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Packets that exceed the MTU of an output interface and must be fragmented - Packets with an expiring TTL counter - Packets that are forwarded to a tunnel interface
Вопрос № 28 What does PAT use to distinguish between sessions that use the same address? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Source port number
Вопрос № 29 Which two conditions are valid reasons to run BGP in an autonomous system? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Path and packet flow manipulation is required in this autonomous system - The autonomous system is an ISP.
Вопрос № 30 How does a routing table reflect the link-state information of an intra-area route? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The route is marked with O.
Вопрос № 31 . Which two methods does OSPF employ to conserve the computing resources? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Summarization - Area-based segregation including stub areas
Вопрос № 32 Place the BGP route-selection criteria in order from the first step to the last step evaluated by placing a number in the blank provided. Вопрос не был задан Правильное соответствие: Preferthe shortest AS-path 4 Prefer the highest local preference 2 Preferthe route with the lowest neighbor IP address 11 Prefer the route originated by the local router 3 Prefer the oldest route for eBGP paths 9 Preferthe highest weight 1
Prefer the lowest origin code 5 Preferthe path through the closest IGP neighbor 8 Preferthe path with the lowest neighbor BGP router ID 10 Prefer the lowest MED 6 Preferthe eBGP path over the iBGP path 7
Вопрос № 33 Which of the following statements are true about reported distance (RD) and feasible distance (FD)? (Choose two.) Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - The RD is the EIGRP metric for a neighbor router to reach a particular network. - The FD is the EIGRP metric for this router to reach a particular network.
Вопрос № 34 Which of the following does many-to-many translation? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Dynamic NAT
Вопрос № 35 On what does BGP base the selection of the best path? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Autonomous system routing policy
Вопрос № 36 Your router is configured to do NAT and is translating the address of a PC, 10.1.1.1, to the address 209.165.200.225. Which is the correct name for the 209.165.200.225 address? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Inside global address
Вопрос № 37 Which parameter does a router use to select the best path when it learns two or more routes to the same destination (with the same prefix length) from different routing protocols? Вопрос не был задан
Правильный ответ: Administrative distance
Вопрос № 38 When configuring a seed metric for redistributed routes, what is the recommended metric setting? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Set the seed metric to a value greater than the largest metric within the autonomous system.
Вопрос № 39 What is a converged network? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: A converged network is one in which data, voice, and video traffic coexists on a single network.
Вопрос № 40 What are the four key technologies employed by EIGRP? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: All of the above (3 answ)
Вопрос № 41 What option correctly identifies the prompt and configuration command to redistribute EIGRP 10 traffic into OSPF 1 based on a route map called TESTING? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: R1(config)# router ospf 1 R1(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 10 route-map TESTING
Вопрос № 42 BGP, by default, will have how many paths for each destination? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: 1
Вопрос № 43 What is the OSPF transport? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ:
IP/89
Вопрос № 44 Router A has three interfaces with IP addresses 172.16.1.1/24, 172.16.2.3/24, and 172.16.5.1/24. What commands enable you to configure EIGRP to run in autonomous system 100 on only the interfaces with addresses 172.16.2.3/24 and 172.16.5.1/24? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: One EIGRP configuration for router A is as follows: RouterA(config)# router eigrp 100 RouterA(config-router)# network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 RouterA(config-router)# network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
Вопрос № 45 Which three benefits are a result of route summarization? (Choose three.) Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Improved convergence - Fewer routing updates - Smaller routing table
Вопрос № 46 Why might a multihomed customer need prefix lists? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: To ensure that only valid IP prefixes are announced to the ISPs
Вопрос № 47 Which of the following best describes the EIGRP topology table? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: It contains all learned routes to a destination.
Вопрос № 48 Which address would you configure in the neighbor command to set up an OSPFv3 adjacency over an NBMA link? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Neighbor’slink-localIPv6address
Вопрос № 49 Which command indicates to a BGP router whether an IP address belongs to an iBGP or an eBGP neighbor? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: neighbor ip-address remote-as autonomous-system
Вопрос № 50 What does the passive-interface command do when configured with EIGRP? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The passive-interface command prevents a routing protocol’s routing updates from being sent through the specified router interface. When you use the passive interface command with EIGRP, hello messages are not sent out of the specified interface. Neighboring router relationships do not form with other routers that can be reached through that interface (because the hello protocol is used to verify bidirectional communication between routers). Because no neighbors are found on an interface, no other EIGRP traffic is sent.
Вопрос № 51 You can set the weight using a route map applied to a neighbor in the outgoing direction. True or false? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: False
Вопрос № 52 What are two issues that arise with redistribution? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Routing loops - Inconsistent convergence times
Вопрос № 53 EIGRP forIPv6 uses which multicast address? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: FF02::A
Вопрос № 54 Which packet switching method examines every packet and all forwarding decisions are made in software? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Process switching
Вопрос № 55 Which two statements are true for BGP route advertisements and path selection? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - BGP advertises paths. - . BGP routers exchange attributes
Вопрос № 56 Match each DMVPN component with its function Вопрос не был задан Правильное соответствие: Provides key management and transmission protection IPSec . Provides dynamic mutual discovery of spokes NHRP Provides a scalable tunneling framework mGRE
Вопрос № 57 Where does a type 1 LSA flood to? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: To all other routers in the area where it originated
Вопрос № 58 Fill in the blank: The________ privileged EXEC command can be used to manually create an archive of the running configuration file Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: archive config
Вопрос № 59 Which routing protocol enables authentication by default? Вопрос не был задан
Правильный ответ: No routing protocol enables authentication by default
Вопрос № 60 You are configuring your router to be a DHCP relay agent. Which command should you use? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Use the following command on the interface connected to the client: (config-if)# ip helper-address server-address
Вопрос № 61 Which statement about SNMP is true? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: SNMPv3 can provide authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality.
Вопрос № 62 Fill in the blank: use active traffic monitoring, generating traffic in a continuous, reliable, and predictable manner to measure network performance. Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The Cisco IOS IP SLAs use active traffic monitoring, generating traffic in a continuous, reliable, and predictable manner, to measure network performance.
Вопрос № 63 Which protocol would you use to provide IPv4 Internet connectivity to IPv6 devices? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: NAT64
Вопрос № 64 In which order are public IP addresses allocated? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The IANA allocates to RIRs, which allocate to ISPs.
Вопрос № 65 Modern IGP routing protocols use which traffic type for sending advertisements, by default? Вопрос не был задан
Правильный ответ: Multicast
Вопрос № 66 Which statement about the BGP peer groups is accurate? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: With BGP peer groups, the router CPU utilization that is imposed by BGP update generation is significantly reduced
Вопрос № 67 What does the passive state in the EIGRP topology table signify? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The network is up and operational, and this state signifies normal conditions
Вопрос № 68 Which statement is true about RIPng? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: It uses hop count as the metric.
Вопрос № 69 The show ip route and show ipv6 route commands usually provides information on which of the following two items? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Metric - Next hop
Вопрос № 70 How does the EIGRP stub feature limit the query range? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Stub routers are not queried. Instead, hub routers connected to the stub router answer the query on behalf of the stub router.
Вопрос № 71 Is EIGRP operational traffic multicast or broadcast? Вопрос не был задан
Правильный ответ: EIGRP operational traffic is multicast (and unicast).
Вопрос № 72 To ensure an accurate database, how often does OSPF flood (refresh) each LSA record? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Every 30 minutes.
Вопрос № 73 You are configuring your router to do NVI so that a PC can connect to the Internet. Which command do you configure on the interface connected to the PC? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: ip nat enable
Вопрос № 74 Which feature characterizes both OSPFv2 and OSPFv3? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Router ID in IPv4 format
Вопрос № 75 Which two statements about redistribution are true? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Redistribution is always performed out bound. - The routing table on the router doing the redistribution does not change.
Вопрос № 76 When implementing logging, it is also important that dates and times are accurate and synchronized across all the network infrastructure devices using. Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Network Time Protocol (NTP)
Вопрос № 77 Which is a characteristic of dual-homed connectivity? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ:
Single point of failure due to ISP failure
Вопрос № 78 Which is the corresponding NAT term for the NVI term source local? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Inside local address
Вопрос № 79 Write the command to start IP SLA operation number 100 immediately and have it never end. Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: ip sla schedule 100 life forever start-time now
Вопрос № 80 Which three statements are true about IP SLAs? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Operations are configured on the IP SLAs source. - A Cisco IOS device can be an IP SLAs source. - A Cisco IOS device can be an IP SLAs responder.
Вопрос № 81 How is the cost of an E1 external route calculated? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The sum of the external cost and the internal cost of each link the packet crosses
Вопрос № 82 Which two of the following accurately match the default seed metric for the respective routing protocol? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - EIGRP default seed metric is infinite. - OSPF default seed metric is 20.
Вопрос № 83 Which of the following is not a dynamic routing protocol? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ:
CDP
Вопрос № 84 Which command configures a router to obtain its address via stateless DHCPv6? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: (config-if)# ipv6 address autoconfig
Вопрос № 85 What are the two reasons why route summarization is important? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - . Reduces LSA type 3 flooding - Reduces the size of the routing table
Вопрос № 86 What is used in EIGRP metric calculations by default? (Choose two.) Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Delay - Bandwidth
Вопрос № 87 You can run a single OSPFv3 process using the ipv6 router ospf command to support a support a dual-stack environment. (True or false?) Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: False
Вопрос № 88 Which are two reasons to use multiple routing protocols in a network Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - When migrating from an older IGP to a new IGP, multiple redistribution boundaries might exist until the new protocol has displaced the old protocol completely. - When different departments do not want to upgrade their routers to support a new routing protocol.
Вопрос № 89 Which two authentication methods does EIGRP support?
Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - SHA - MD5
Вопрос № 90 An Area Border Router maintains______ . Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: A separate database for each area with which it is connected
Вопрос № 91 Which BGP neighbor state is the proper state for normal BGP neighbor operations? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Established
Вопрос № 92 Which command configures a router to be a DHCP client? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: (config-if)# ip address dhcp
Вопрос № 93 By default, which two are conditions for routers to be eBGP neighbors? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - In different autonomous systems - Directly connected
Вопрос № 94 Stub area design can improve___________ . Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: CPU utilization on routers in the stub
Вопрос № 95 Which of the following statements best illustrates the importance of BGP policies that influence route selection in a multihomed BGP network? Вопрос не был задан
Правильный ответ: The default BGP route selection does not always result in optimum routing.
Вопрос № 96 Which two statements about route maps are true? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Route maps can be used to manipulate redistribution, manipulate paths using policy-based routing, and assign attributes in BGP. - A sequence number must be assigned when using the route-map command.
Вопрос № 97 What is the difference between an LSA 3 and an LSA 4? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: LSA 3 is a summary for networks, and LSA 4 is a summary for ASBRs.
Вопрос № 98 What kind of router generates LSA type 5 in a standard area? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: ASBR
Вопрос № 99 Refer to the following configuration: R1(config)# archive R1(config-archive)# path ftp://admin:[email protected]/$h.cfg R1(config-archive)# write-memory R1(config-archive)# time-period 1440 R1(config-archive)# end R1# Based on the configuration, which statement is true about the archive command? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The only required parameter is the path archive configuration command.
Вопрос № 100 What is the safest way to perform redistribution between two routing protocols? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ:
One-point one-way redistribution
Вопрос № 101 Which packet switching method examines the first packet in each flow and the forwarding decision is cached in hardware for subsequent packets in the flows? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Fast switching
Вопрос № 102 Which packet switching method is the fastest and creates forwarding tables? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Cisco Express Forwarding(CEF) switching
Вопрос № 103 Which of the following is not a classification of routing protocols? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Default
Вопрос № 104 Which transport layer protocol is used for exchange of EIGRP messages? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: EIGRP runs directly above the network layer and does not use additional transport protocols.
Вопрос № 105 . An OSPF router receives an LSA and checks the sequence number of the LSA. This number matches the sequence number of an LSA that the receiving router already has. What does the receiving router do with the received LSA? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Ignores the LSA
Вопрос № 106 Which command configures a router to obtain its address via SLAAC? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ:
(config-if)# ipv6 address autoconfig
Вопрос № 107 What is the formula for selecting a feasible successor? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The AD of the feasible successor route is less than the FD of the current successor route.
Вопрос № 108 . What does the router configuration command distance eigrp 80 100 do in EIGRP? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: It changes local default administrative distance EIGRP values for redistributed internal routes to 80 and redistributed external routes to 100
Вопрос № 109 Which rules are implicit at the end of every IPv6 ACL? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: permit icmp any any nd-na; permit icmp any any nd-ns; deny ipv6 any any
Вопрос № 110 Which type of external route is the default? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: E2
Вопрос № 111 What does the router configuration command distance 95 10.1.3.1 0.0.0.0 30 do in OSPF? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Sets the administrative distance to 95 for updates as identified in ACL 3 from the neighbor with a router ID of 10.1.3.1
Вопрос № 112 Which two LSAs describe intra-area routing information? Вопрос не был задан Правильные ответы: - Router
- Network
Вопрос № 113 Write the command to track the reachability of IOS IP SLA operation number 100 with object number 2. Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: track 2 ip sla 100 reachability
Вопрос № 114 What is a metric? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: A standard of measurement used by routing algorithms
Вопрос № 115 What does the eigrp stub receive-only command do? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: This command makes the router an EIGRP stub. The receive-only keyword restricts the router from sharing any of its routes with any other router within the EIGRP autonomous system.
Вопрос № 116 What type of protocol is BGP? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: EGP
Вопрос № 117 What is autosummarization? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: When a router that is using a classful routing protocol sends an update about a subnet of a network across an interface belonging to a different network, the router assumes that the remote router will use the default subnet mask for that class of IP address. Therefore, when the router sends the update, it does not include the subnet information; the update packet contains only the major (classful) network information.
Вопрос № 118 Which statement about plain-text authentication is true?
Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Plain-text authentication is considered to be insecure and should not be used.
Вопрос № 119 The output of the show running-configuration command displays the following line:enable secret 4 JpAg4vBxn6wTb6NE3N1p0wfUUZzR6eOcVUKUFftxEyA Based on the output, which statement is true regarding the enable password? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: It is encrypted using SHA256.
Вопрос № 120 Approximately how many IPv4 routes are in the full Internet routing table (in 2014)? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: 500,000
Вопрос № 121 What is the default administrative distance value of RIPng? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: 120
Вопрос № 122 Which packet type establishes neighbor relationships? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: Hello
Вопрос № 123 The output of the show ip ssh command displays SSH Enabled - version 2. Based on this output, which statement is true? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The device was configured with the ip ssh version2 command.
Вопрос № 124 IPv4 BGP neighbors will exchange IPv6 routes by default. True or false? Вопрос не был задан
Правильный ответ: False
Вопрос № 125 What is the difference between the hold time and the hello interval? Вопрос не был задан Правильный ответ: The hello interval determines how often hello packets are sent. It is 5 or 60 seconds by default, depending on the media type.